Stencil for and process of printing



April 7, 1942. P. J. csAszAR 2,278,771

STENCIL' FOR AND PROCESS vOF PRINTING 'Filed Nov.l s, 195e 00.000 0009009,7 0000000 \%Oq=0o .ZOQOOOO Sg?? 0000 n n u [L ngnnuu n nun n una nunnun

@S CSMSD l l. f INVENTOR.

w Pa/ul J. (,uvzar, 316 f BY g l '71 J ATTORNEY* PatentedApr-.r'i 1942'-l d y as half-tone or other.photoraphicallyprepare-d plates.

This invention relates'l yto stencilsheets Vand to processes for umaking' multicolored desigrnsgbyy rstencil is formed` for "eachmpart Lof the design to which each color/is to be. applied. For, exV

amp-le, if. a' design has anumber of areas in vvhich red is to beapplied, a'stencil is fcut torernova those portions corresponding to thered parts of the design. Similarstencils aresimilarlyfformed for theremaining colors. The variousstencils are affixed to vtautly stretchedpiecesof` line meshed fabric, .s uch-assilk,l land the color-is apvplied through the uncoveredmportionof the` silk;v y20 stencils' are usedsuccessively/'sto applythe vari -ous colors so thatwhen all 'or thefstencuilshavq onto thesu'rface that isi'to .bear-the design.A The beenused and the colors applied, acomplete de#l stencils requiresconsiderable' skill and'r'any f is to provide stencil A'n'obje'ctof thepresentinvention, accordingly, y

materials capable of pro-' ducin'g hau-tone effects., L v l y y Another.object of 'theinventi'on is to -provide stencil 'sheetsfo'r' producingshaded sections or vsections having `gradually changing 'color values inamulticolored design.' l

An additional object-is to provide stencil'sheet's whichv are'yperforated jso thatfcolo'rs applied through the perforatlons.r willprint as dots,

y sign4 in colors 'is formed. Preparationaoffthe operations inforderto.produce'reasonablyiaithi ful reproduction. of'1 the .l'coloration-rr ofthe dej sired design. Howeven-Leven withthe-incisi/ carer ful work andthe useffof a great manygstencils, it is almost impossible to produceaccurate Shading and true renditionwo'f theftonalvalues ofthe.,

design.

shading "orf rddfum `chi1gdm1lcdir vaines@ ordinarily areobtainedbyapplylng the colors inn the desired:areasjwithan'air brush.However,, i

air' brush lwork is somewhat unsatisfactory except when doneby'a highly-skilled,artisarh v loathe reason that it is extremely ,difiiculttofapply, paint 1 uniformly 'to a seriesof designs andeven'thenis:l

very slow. f

Vv.Itiswell known,rv of course,fthat colors can -bereadily reproducedwith printing platesprepared photographically bymeans' of:'halftc`mescreens.V

Half-tone plates, or fother y'photographically prepared plates,however,- are considerably more' 'exif 4 pensive 'than ste'nc'ilsfancllmany operations as," well as a vhig'h degreeiof` skill are requiredin'theirr thereby'allowing control of vshade `and tintof 1' printed'color by vvariations'in the size andspac-` l y ing of. the Ldots.'

duction of mumcpir designs. i erall`yI of thini I material,`'pi-gefeitably transparent or y,transllicent, 'having' :in multiplicityof minute perfor-ations,f'thereizn' Ihe r'size yof Vthe .perfora--tlnsmay befvarled, as desired, butv are on the,v order off'thesizeofdots produced, by meansof a fairly. -.coarse halftone screen orlarger. uPreferably. the ,size' ofthe .perforations in oney stencil f ysheetis'the same `and aplurality-fof sheets each having perforatlcns'ofdiiierent size form a come," y pletey 'set of `stencils. However, inysome instances it maybe desirable" to` provide stencil sheetsfin,

y which the` 4pattern?and"the, size of the 'perfora 1 tions 4will varyin.o'rfder to produce lsmoothly preparation, 'thereby 'rendering .theiruse economically'unsatisfactoryfor the production vci?y small A numbers'of cc'ilored designs; It ywould 'highly desirable; therefore, toproduce 'a' processi l and ,materials'which are' siihstmitiallyas'ikinexpensive" in u's'e asV stencils t' and"`at 'the same ltime'capable of reproducing ycolor values as faithfully Ygradu ed variationsinthe" tone colo' applied therethrough.

ordensity of thev IIV'h,v f aterialirom which thestencil sheets are yformed vmay vary widely.' For example, cellulose4 lms or lacquers, vpaper, metallic foils r. f, llms rformed frnil synthetic or fnaturalresins,v fabrics having glue or lacquer/or gelatin )coatingsA or othersimilarv tough materiall which preventsl penetratio'ri-:for 'Passage QiColor mar-- be used, Inasmuch as' fthe:coloring` materials `may bepaints,

inks, lacduers", varnishespowders or crayons, a great variety ofIthaterials.may'- bel usedl as 'stencil a materials, jdependihg1-largely, upon the type' of vcoloringuma'terlals. to be used therewith',If r de-1` 'f sired, the stencil slicets'fmay'y be laminated, hav 1 ingapap "basca d a detachable n1r'nthereon`,f whichvlisjgdanaale 'fgleinget'vinto the desired-l shape andappliel ytothelfahric screen. Anexf ampleoffthl'sfty'pe of material, is disclosed liny the: f

U. Sf'patent tcDAltiemOnt, Na-1,781,834, dated "Stencils 'embodying vtheinvention consist ygen-fj.

with great facility for the reason that they allow the stencil to be cutaccurately and are readily applied to the fabric screen withoutdistortion.

In its broadest aspects the process consistsgenerally of the steps offorming stencils by removing portions which encompass the area in whicha single solid color is to be placed and producing shades or tones ofthis color or blends Y locking clover leaves. Many modications'of the ofthe color with an adjacent color by means of perforations in thestencil. The stencil preferably is afilxed to a fabric screen, and thecolor may be applied through the open portions tothe material which isto bear the design. Gradatio'n in intensity and tone and blending ofcolors can `'be controlled by the use of perforated stencil portionswhich include perforationsof varying size. The colors may be blended bysuperimposing colors'through overlapping portions of successive stencilsand thus not only may a greatvariety of shades and tints be produced butthe number of colors required to produce the design may be materiallyreduced.

For a better understandingk ofv the present invention, reference may behad to the accom-` panying drawing, inwhichV .Figure 1 is a plan view ofa'dels'ign tofbe re.1

produced by means of stencils;4

Fig. 2 is a plan viewof a stencil for applying the yellow portions'ofthe. design Fig. 3 is a stencil for applying ther'ed'portions of thedesign;

Fig. 4is a stencil for `applying the blue portions process andthestencils used therein, theinvention will be described with reference tothe production of the design I0 shown in Fig. 1.` `The design IIIincludes a yellow lighthouse II on a dark green strip of land, I2, alightblue sk y I3,v

pattern and shape of the perforations are possible, in addition tothosev described above. For example, as` shown in Fig. 8, theperforations 2l may be substantially rectangular in shape and, as shownin Fig. 9,' the perforationsi" may be arranged vin sinuous andtransversely extending straight rows.

As shown in Fig.v 1l, it is possible likewise to produce `uniformgradations of tone by varying the size ofthe perforations from the smallperforations l0, to largerand more closely spaced per,-

forations II. 'I'hisform of stencil sheet and likewise ythosedi'sclos'edin Figs. 5 to l0 may be of laminatedconstruction consistingof a thin film Ilaof, forexample. lacquer shellac or cellulose materialwhich is supportedfon `but separable froma paper base IIb. Theiilmjlla'may have glue or other adhesive on its face to.v facilitate itsapplication to a fabric screen.v :The perforations 30, 3| may befcrmedin the film lla or through the l Ia and base IIb.

It will be apparent `that b y varying the size andthe spacing ofthejperforation's. the amount of paint or ink thatcan pass through thestencil will likewise be varied thus will vary the' shade or intensityof the color.

In determining tlfiettype2 of perforated stencil that is'to beapplie'dfor reproducing thel green inland I2 of the design, duecar'emust be used in the selection of 'stencil-fportionshaving the a darkblue sea Hand a red buoy I! having a purple shaded portion IBL"Inaccordance with applicants process the designmay be reproduced bymeans of three stencils I'I, I8 and `|9,s`hown respectively vin Figs. 2,3 and 4. Theistencili'l .is formed by superimposing on the design I0fa.

sheet of stencilmaterial 2li and outlining there# on the'portions whichare to be reproduced in' yellow and green. -Inthis instancethellghthouse I I and the strip of land I2 will be outlined and the areawithinthe outlines removed. stencil material is then applied toastripsof fine mesh material 2I,'such as for example silk, -orl of wiremesh fabric which isstretched'tightly ina frame 22. rIf this stencil'weref used directly the. I strip of land I2 and the lighthouse IIwouldbe reproduced as a uniform yellow color.` 1IjIowev'e-r. the stripofland I2 is to be a' natural or dark bluish green color and accordingl'yastrip of pera appropriate size perforationa yWhen this has beendetermined the perforated stencil material may be placed inthe'proper'positionand color applied asv by meansV ofa sdu'ee'geerollthrough 4the open-part ofthe stencil. A 4similar result may be":l'atained by using a perforated stencil sheet for thee'ntire stencil,cutting awaya portion corresponding shapefto'the lighthouse and coatvingall'except the-land part thereof'with a mate'-V `ria1 suchyas lacduer ervarnish toflll up the perforations, thus `permitting coloring materialto beapplied throng theflighthouse and land portionsof thestencil'only;l e v The red stencil Il is prepared in i similar way.

- That is, onlythe portion" correspondingto the The,

forated stencil'material 2I,such' as any of those shown in Figs. t

5. consists of a sheet 2l of pliable thin materialM having a pluralityof Yvery `small v`perforations '2| to 11 isinset into tliiswcutawayltherein. The perforations 24 may be circularand may be of'a sizecorresponding ltothe dotsjfproduced by a coarse half-tone scr'eenforVthey'1 may be larger, for the reasonv that in 'stencil work the screenpattern need not bef particularly sub" dued. YThe size of the dots!!maybe varied on"A Y different sheets, for example'as shownin 6V.'

buoy includinglth'e red vportieri Il 'and' the purple portion Il are cutfromthe stencil yand this stencil is likewise applied to 'a fabric'screen Il, superimposed on thej'yellow printed vportieri of the designandared coloring materialv applied through the opening'in thelstencilIl. j

The blue stencil Ilfi's formed byv applyml to the fabric screen 2 Iportions-of imperfor'ate stencil: material III forpreven'tingapplication ofblue to the yellow printed portion ofthe lighthouse I Iand theredspo'rtionof the buoy Il. .Y inasmuch as the lower portionzofthe design I4 is tcrbe printed-a dark' blue.V no stencil material`isapplied tothe lower portionY ofthe screen 2|. The upper portion-ofthedesign'corresponding to the skyZ Il istobeprinted a, lighter'bluerandtherefore a `portionof; perforated stencil I2 ofa ltype ksimilar' to anyof those disclosed yin Iiigsf` 5 to 10v is applied to .thaupperportionof the screen. it is desired to shade the blue portions Y it will beunderstoodI that .a, plurality of strips f l of stencil material havingdifferent of aper- .i 75

im' therein mi anni@ f wel material having graduated perforationstherein, such as is disclosed in Fig. l1, may be used. Likewise, aportion of the perforated stencil 33 may be applied to the screen 2lcorresponding Y to the part of the buoy which is to have a purplecoloration in order to hold back the blue` and cause the portion I6 ofthe final design to have a reddish, purple cast. The completed stencilI9 is then superimposed upon the yellow and red printed portion of thedesign in register therewith and blue applied through the stencil. Thecombination of the blue with the yellow in the part I2 of the designwill produce a green coloration of the portion I2, the lighthouse willbe yellow, the left-hand portion I5 of the buoy will be red and thecombination of red and blue in theportion I6 of the buoy will produce apurplish color. Likewise, the sea portion I4 will be dark blue,` whilethe perforated stencil 32 will cause the vsky portion I3y to print alighter blue, thereby reproducing faithfully the colors that are desiredin the design. To produce black, the colors may be superimposed bycutting out registering portions of the stencils as at 34 in Figs. 2, 3and 4.

The use of perforated stencils of the type described above greatlyreduces the number of operations and stencils that are required toproduce a desired design. The reason for this is with facility by thosewho are familiar with prior stenciling practice.

It wm be understood that the stencil sheets in themselves aresusoeptibleto wide variations in the size and shape of perforations as well-as thetype of materials from which they are made. Substantially any materialmay be used, but preferably translucent or transparent materials such ascelluloid, Bakelite,shellacked or lacquered papers or fabrics, gluedpapers, or cellulose or cellulosic derivatives are used in order tofacilitate the outlining of the sections that are to be removed from thestencils. If the stencils have sufllcient strength. theyy may be usedwithout a v supporting screen.v Therefore it will be apparent that manychanges may be made in the specific details of the stencil sheets andtheir uses extended to fields other than that described above, withoutdeparting from the invention. Therefore it should be understood that'theembodiments described above vshould be considered as illustrative andnot as limiting the scope of the followingV claim.

that the perforated stencils more or less automatically control theshade or intensity cf the colors. and likewise permit the colors to beblended. to produce intermediate colorv values. Thus with three stencilsand three colors it is possible to produce many shades of color inaddition to all colors-produced by'combination of the three colors used.VThe perforated` stencils do notappreciably alter the procedural ormechanical steps of printing and therefore may be used Iclaim: A l Theprocess of making designs having solid and shaded tones, comprisingforming a stencil with cut-out portions encompassing the solid andshaded tones ofthe color to be reproduced, fixing the stencil to a sheetof ne mesh fabric, xing to the fabric in the areas corresponding to theshaded tones stencil material having a multiplicity of perforationstherein that vary in size in proportion tothe density of .the tone to bereproduced, and applying color tol a sheet through the stencil Vandfabric to produce said solid and shaded tones. Y Y

PAUL'.l JOSEPH CsAszAR.

